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3 and 4 Its size Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 11:56:19 +0000 (Explain importance of this to the rider.) The hoofs of our horses are shod with iron, which protects them against the excessive wear to which they are subjected on the hard ground of roads, etc. 3 and 4 Its size and strength are in themselves a means of defence to the horse ; the large incisors (see below) and its stout hoofs are its principal weapons. Autor of the post: Undefined In the riding- horse Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 11:46:05 +0000 With one blow of its fore-leg, which is further intensified by the weight of the body, it can kill a wolf, while it is well known what havoc it can make with a blow of the hind-legs. (Its speed, size and strength, in addition to its stout hoofs, render the horse the most important of our draught animals. In the riding- horse the weight of the rider is borne on the firm, gently-curved backbone ; in the draught animal the weight is allowed to act on the broad, powerful chest. Autor of the post: Undefined The shortness of the tail Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 11:32:29 +0000 ) 5 Wild horses live in herds, whereby they are rendered still better able to defend themselves. 6 Against flies the horse defends itself by the same means as the ox, and also by kicking out with the hind-legs. The shortness of the tail is amply balanced by the length of its hairs. Autor of the post: Undefined (a) By means of its Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 11:13:18 +0000 Bring forward argu- ments for and against the custom of cutting off the hair of the tail. 1 The horse, like the ox, requires large quantities of food. (a) By means of its lips, which are very movable, it grasps the bundle of grass and pushes it into its mouth. Autor of the post: Undefined (b) The incisors are broad Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 11:00:39 +0000 (Observe the action of the lips when a horse is pulling hay from a waggon or taking a piece of bread from the hand.) The tongue is shorter than in the ox, and its surface without rugosities. (b) The incisors are broad, long, and directed obliquely forwards. Autor of the post: Undefined By the replacement Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 10:46:32 +0000 There are six above and six below. In pulling up grass the horse jerks the head back- wards. By the replacement of the incisors and the amount of wear the permanent set have undergone the age of the horse can be ascertained. Autor of the post: Undefined (e) The stomach is large Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 10:30:36 +0000 (c) The legs are powerful, and the toes invested in solid hoofs. (d) The muscles of the neck are powerful, but less so than those of the ox, the head being hornless and not used for butting. (e) The stomach is large, and (f)the intestine long, as in the ox. Autor of the post: Undefined (b) The distances between rows Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 10:13:59 +0000 2 The food of the horse, like that of the ox, must be reduced to a finely divided state. (a) The movements of the jaws in mastication do not, however, proceed in so pronounced a transverse direction as in the ox. (b) The distances between rows of molars above and below are nearly equal. Autor of the post: Undefined (g) The canines are small Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 10:01:04 +0000 (c) and (d) The enamel folds of the molars do not run longitudinally, but are undulating. (e) and (f) The size and number of the molars, and the shape of the facial portion of the skull, are as in the ox. (g) The canines are small or entirely absent, especially in the female. Autor of the post: Undefined (h) The horse does not Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 9:50:02 +0000 The large gap between the incisors (or canines) and molar teeth forms a receptacle for the " bit." As a rule, only a slight pull or pressure is sufficient (so sensitive are the lips) to direct the animal or to make it start or stop. (h) The horse does not ruminate like the ox and its congeners. 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