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Thus, we have the "heavy" Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 14:12:55 +0000 According to the special uses it was intended to serve, man has bred several varieties or races of the horse. Each country has its own special breeds. Thus, we have the "heavy" Danish, Belgian, English, and French (Percheron) breeds, which supply us with the best cart-horses. Autor of the post: Undefined " Take the difference, for instance Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 13:58:14 +0000 On the other hand, the Arab, Trakehner, and English thoroughbred carry their rider with the speed of the wind. The size and colour (point out the different colours), too, of the horse have been largely determined by man's " taste " or " fancy." Take the difference, for instance, between a cart-horse and a pony, which often is not much more than 3 feet high at the shoulders. Autor of the post: Undefined Large herds of these Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 13:39:27 +0000 In fact, among horses, as among men, there are giants as well as dwarfs. To understand the structure and anatomy of the domestic horse, it is necessary (as in the case of the ox, which see) to consider horses which have reverted to the wild state. Large herds of these are found on the steppes of South-Eastern Eussia (Tarpan), and on the immeasurable plains of South America (the mustangs of the pampas). Autor of the post: Undefined This specially applies Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 13:25:47 +0000 When we consider that both the horse and the ox are true inhabitants of the steppes, many points of resemblance in their anatomy will become comprehensible. I The so-called " wild " horse, like all other animals living in a state of nature, is accredited with the possession of very sharp senses. This specially applies to the sense of hearing. Autor of the post: Undefined ; the same sense enables Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 13:15:30 +0000 " Wild " horses which have been tamed, by movements of their conical ears, betray the perception of noises inaudible to their rider. By means of their smell (wide nostrils) as we are informed by a traveller who has acquired an intimate knowledge of the horses of the pampas these animals learn to recognise their rider, their harness, the shed in which they have been saddled, etc. ; the same sense enables them to find their way back to their dwelling or pasture on dark nights or in dense fogs. Autor of the post: Undefined The arrangements which specially adapt Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 13:03:41 +0000 Similar observations may be made in the case of our own domestic breeds. 2 As a fast runner the horse is a match for any other fleet-footed animal. The arrangements which specially adapt it for speedy loco- motion are (a) Its slender shape. Autor of the post: Undefined (b) The legs Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:46:36 +0000 When running fast (racing), it stretches for- ward its head and neck, the latter being laterally compressed and adorned with a mane ; the body thus assumes the shape of a pointed wedge, which easily cuts through the air. A good racer can accomplish over 900 yards per minute. (b) The legs, which are long, light, and at the same time very powerful. Autor of the post: Undefined ) Eudiments of the second Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:35:19 +0000 (c) It walks on the tip of only one toe (corre- sponding to the third in the human hand or foot). (Compare with wolf and ox.) Eudiments of the second and fourth metacarpals and metatarsals are present. Autor of the post: Undefined By means of this hard Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:22:24 +0000 The terminal joint of the third toe is very large, and is invested by a hoof like a shoe, thus forming a large surface of support. The animal does not walk upon the whole underside of the hoof, but only on the edge of it and on a ridge (the so-called "frog" of the veterinary) which passes from behind forwards along the concave sole. By means of this hard edge, which is well protected against wear, the animal can obtain a firm, support against the inequalities of the surface radius; This is specially noticeable in cart-horses. Autor of the post: Undefined The bend is greatest Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:09:00 +0000 The " frog," which consists of soft horn, acts as a pad which diminishes concussion when the hoofs strike the ground. The elasticity of the horse's gait is due to the angles at which nearly all the joints of the legs are set. The bend is greatest at the fetlock joints between the metacarpals and metatarsals and the digit. 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