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1 Heavily loaded, the camels Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 19:18:34 +0000 With truth, therefore, has the Arab called this animal Let us picture it in this light. Let us imagine a caravan wending its way through the desert, and consider how the camel, by its bodily structure, is able to render such important services to man. 1 Heavily loaded, the camels pass on their way ; for, being animals of large size, and consequently of great strength, they are capable of bearing heavy burdens (up to 800 pounds ; on long desert journeys the load is only about 300 pounds). Autor of the post: Undefined The camel, on the other Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 19:03:16 +0000 2 For miles and miles the ground is covered with sand, cutting sharply into the feet, and raised in the course of the day to furnace- heat. A horse would sink in it, and severely injure his feet. The camel, on the other hand, in spite of its own weight and the load it has to bear, strides lightly across it ; for it does not, like other ruminants and the horse, touch the ground merely with its hoofs, but with broad, callous soles or pads of horny integument beneath the terminal joints of the two middle toes, which alone are present. Autor of the post: Undefined 3 The fiery globe Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 18:50:24 +0000 These soles, in front of which are the small hoofs or nails, form broad surfaces of support, which prevent the animal from sinking in the soft soil, and thus also protect the hairy portions of the legs from injury. The soles, being very hard, are insensible both to the sharpness and heat of the sand, and being, moreover, as elastic as springs, render the walk of the animal light in spite of the apparent clumsiness of its feet. 3 The fiery globe of the sun is setting on the unclouded horizon. Autor of the post: Undefined The callous pads Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 18:32:51 +0000 The time of repose approaches for the caravan. The camels sink down to be relieved of their burdens. The callous pads with which they are furnished on the chest and at the joints of the legs serve them while resting as protecting cushions against the sharp, hot sand. Autor of the post: Undefined (As in the case Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 18:14:05 +0000 4 As the camel lies on the ground with outstretched neck and head, we can clearly see that the pale-yellow or brown colour of its skin is scarcely distinguishable from the soil. At a distance, a camel at rest is said to be indistinguishable from a block of stone. (As in the case of all domestic animals see cat examples are found here also which do not possess this protective colouring. Autor of the post: Undefined Why cannot the travellers take Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 17:58:42 +0000 ) 5 The travellers now open the sacks of fodder ; but the animal's wants are few and easily satisfied ; a few handfuls of grain or beans constitute the whole day's provisions. What it needs beyond this for subsistence it has to seek for itself. Why cannot the travellers take large stores of provisions with them ? 6 Here and there in the desert a bundle of tough, sharp-cutting grass sprouts up from the sandy soil, or a few shrubs, weeds, or trees prickly with thorns are to be seen. Autor of the post: Undefined He says : "I once Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 17:45:46 +0000 No other domestic animal could feed on these, but the camel is provided (a) With lips insensible to pain, and movable, with which it breaks off the thorniest branches and plucks the sharpest grasses, afterwards crushing them up in (b) Its hard-skinned mouth. From the report of an old and ex- perienced traveller in the desert we may conceive some notion of the insensibility of the animal's lips, palate, and tongue. He says : "I once trod on a thorn which penetrated the sole of my boot, the great toe, and even the upper leather ; and it is thorns like this which the camel chews up in its mouth with the utmost indifference. Autor of the post: Undefined (d) Its long neck enables Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 17:29:29 +0000 " (c) In masticating food of such hardness, the animal is assisted by its powerful teeth. The camel has canine teeth, as well as incisors in the upper jaw. (d) Its long neck enables it to pick up food from the ground (it has long legs), and also to tear off branches from the trees (compare with giraffe). Autor of the post: Undefined (f) Want of water Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 17:15:56 +0000 (e) The hump, which is almost entirely composed of fat, forms really a reserve supply of food, by which the animal during its journeys ekes out its otherwise scanty diet (compare with bat). This fat is accumulated during the time of superabundance, and being stored on the back, and not (as in fattened cattle) between the- muscles or (as in the pig) beneath the skin, does not impede the animal's movements. (f) Want of water is in itself sufficient to prevent any of our domestic animals from crossing a large desert. Autor of the post: Undefined 7 Only a rapid animal Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 17:04:39 +0000 The camel, on the other hand, can exist without water for several days, even in the greatest heat, and even for weeks if there is a fair supply of juicy plants at hand. To provide against dearth of water, the animal, when it reaches a drinking- place, takes in a great quantity at once as a reserve supply, a portion of this water being stored within folds of the paunch, ivhich can be closed (and thus converted into cells), and used afterwards by degrees as the animal requires it. 7 Only a rapid animal is able to cross the desert, with its dearth of water and vegetable life. 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