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The hoofs are broad Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:48:59 +0000 The Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a true denizen of the North. The hair in the summer is dark coloured ; with the approach of the colder season it is exchanged for a winter fur about 1J inches thick, and of a dirty-gray colour, but little different from that of the snow. The hoofs are broad and deeply cleft, and can therefore be spread widely apart, whilst the posterior toes actually touch the ground (note the track in illustration opposite). Autor of the post: Undefined To get at it Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:36:57 +0000 By these means the animal is enabled to traverse inhospitable marshes, as well as the immense snow- plains of its home (compare with wild boar). Its chief food in the winter is the reindeer moss (Cladonia rangiferina), which in the North covers vast plains, and is also met with in German forests. To get at it the reindeer scrapes away the snow with its hoofs, and, according to some naturalists, with the additional help of its nose and antlers. Autor of the post: Undefined On its welfare depends Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:20:24 +0000 The lowermost tyne (so-called brow tyne) of either the right or left antler the female also bears antlers is always larger than the one opposite, and bent in such a manner as to stand vertically over the nose, forming with it a kind of snow-plough, as it were.* The inhabitants of the North have domesticated the reindeer, and keep it in large herds. On its welfare depends that of the country ; but when decimated either by foot and mouth disease or the ravages of beasts of prey (especially wolves), poverty, misery, and even famine, invade the huts of the nomadic inhabitants. Autor of the post: Undefined ; its skin provides him Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:08:30 +0000 Its disappearance (or that of the reindeer moss) would mean the cessation of all human life in those latitudes. For the reindeer is all and everything to the native of the North : it carries him in his light sledges over the endless snow- wastes .; its skin provides him with tent-coverings, clothes, and leather ; its flesh, milk, and blood supply him with his most important articles of food ; from its tendons he manufactures thread for sewing, from the intestines ropes for binding, from the bones and antlers spears for fishing, fishing-rods, and other utensils ; the tongue and the still warm marrow of the bones are considered delicacies, and even the contents of the intestines are utilized as vegetables. Autor of the post: Undefined The neck is of extraordinary Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:49:21 +0000 In the animal depicted in the foreground of our illustration, it is the left brow tyne which thus enlarged ; the right is so short that it is completely hidden by the left antler. The home of this peculiar animal is on the plains of Central and Southern Africa. The neck is of extraordinary length, and supports a small head at a height of from 17 to 20 feet above the ground. Autor of the post: Undefined Although the length Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:36:13 +0000 It is, accordingly, provided with large and powerful muscles, which are attached principally to the much- elongated spinous processes of the anterior dorsal vertebrae. On account of the length of these processes, the body displays a very steep slope behind. Although the length of the neck corresponds to that of the tall fore-legs, the animal is obliged to spread the fore-legs wide apart in order to be able to pick up food from the ground or to quench its thirst at the bank of a river or lake. Autor of the post: Undefined This, however, as travellers tell Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:22:41 +0000 For this reason it feeds more especially on the branches and leaves of trees, which it strips off with the long vermiform tongue. From its peculiar shape and colour (pale yellow, with numerous brown spots), one might suppose that the animal would easily attract attention even from afar. This, however, as travellers tell us, is by no means the case. Autor of the post: Undefined When attacked, however, it Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:11:09 +0000 Standing among the trunks of the mimosa-trees, which furnish its favourite food, the giraffe cannot, even at a short distance, be distinguished by the sharp-sighted natives from a dead, lichen-covered tree-trunk. Out on the open plains the animal seeks salvation in speedy flight (long legs, elegant hoofs). When attacked, however, it is able to defend itself effectually by means of its frontal horns (bony protuberances covered by the skin) ; for, by swinging its long neck, it can execute forcible blows with its head. Autor of the post: Undefined From times immemorial (Abraham) it Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 19:52:15 +0000 The dromedary is met with from the barren regions in the North- West of India, throughout the whole of Persia, in the Caucasus region, in Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Palestine, Arabia, and over all North Africa. Recently it has been introduced into dry districts in South Europe, Australia, and North America. From times immemorial (Abraham) it has been an indispensable domesticated animal in Eastern countries. Autor of the post: Undefined By its aid alone Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 19:32:23 +0000 Indeed, the existence of whole populations depends on this animal. By its agency barren steppes, waterless and devoid of plant life, are rendered habitable (prove this from the subjoined remarks on the structure of the animal) ; for it provides its master with all the necessaries of life (fat, flesh, milk ; even the dung is used as fuel, in place of wood). By its aid alone is he able to traverse the inhospitable tracts of desert sand and rock, and to convey his merchandise from one shore of the sandy ocean to the other. 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