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The bones of the skull Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 2:45:49 +0000 Moreover, the tusks referred to below (in 5) require to be firmly seated. These conditions explain the size of the head. The bones of the skull are of uncommon thickness, causing the head to appear extremely high, and also affording adequate surfaces of attachment for the muscles. Autor of the post: Undefined Now, the fore-limbs Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 2:30:27 +0000 To prevent an unnecessary increase in the weight of the skull, these bones contain air-cavities of dimensions not met with in any other mammal. 3 Mammals which are obliged to pick up their food from the ground (compare them with arboreal, aerial and aquatic animals) must either have a neck of sufficient length to enable their mouths to reach the ground, or they must be furnished with prehensile, hand-like fore-limbs, by which they may convey their food to the mouth. Now, the fore-limbs of the elephant are not adapted for performing work of this kind, and we can imagine what enormous muscles would be required to move the skull with its huge tusks, if the latter was attached to a long neck. Autor of the post: Undefined A large number of muscles Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 2:18:15 +0000 Accordingly, the task of conveying the food to the mouth is consigned to the trunk, or proboscis, which is nothing more than an elongation of the nose. The nasal septum extends to the tip of the trunk, which is developed into a very movable, finger-like appendage. A large number of muscles impart to the trunk its extraordinary mobility and extensibility. Autor of the post: Undefined It uses it for tearing Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 2:03:30 +0000 It is not only an organ of smell, but also of touch and of prehension. By its aid the elephant can pick up tiny objects from the ground, as well as tear stout trees up by their roots. It uses it for tearing huge bunches of grass from the earth or of twigs from the trees, and can even break off with it and convey to its mouth branches as thick as a man's arm. Autor of the post: Undefined Its presence is really indispensable Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 1:43:59 +0000 It also uses it for sucking up water, which it then squirts into its mouth or over its back as a cooling shower- bath. Thus, the trunk is to the elephant finger, hand and arm com- bined. Its presence is really indispensable to the animal, on account of 4 The shortness of the neck. Autor of the post: Undefined Being elastic, this would cause Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 1:31:24 +0000 The extraordinary mobility and pre- hensile power of the trunk, in fact, compensates for the awkwardness which characterizes all the other movements of the animal. 5 The elephant seizes with its trunk the trees and branches which it wishes to break off only at one point. Being elastic, this would cause them to bend, though hardly to break. Autor of the post: Undefined These tusks are without roots Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 1:20:20 +0000 There must be some resistance against which they may be broken. This is supplied by the two powerful tusks which project far out from the animal's upper jaw. These tusks are without roots, and grow from permanent pulps, so that each of them may reach a weight of as much as 100 pounds. Autor of the post: Undefined By means of its keen Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 1:00:44 +0000 The trunk and the tusk, as well as the feet, are also used as weapons of defence against the elephant's chief enemies, the tiger and man. 6 From man it retreats with shyness. By means of its keen scent (proboscis) it can discover the presence of its most dangerous enemy even at a distance. Autor of the post: Undefined The eyes are small, indicating Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 0:49:54 +0000 Every sportsman speaks of its sharp hearing. The large, fan-shaped ear-flaps, when erected, act as gigantic ear-trumpets, catching even the slightest noise. The eyes are small, indicating weak sight. Autor of the post: Undefined On the other hand Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 0:38:26 +0000 The sense of touch at the end of the proboscis is of uncommon fineness. In its native forests it of course does no damage. On the other hand, a herd of elephants breaking into a plantation lays waste every- thing before it. 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