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Of the mice which inhabit Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 10:20:39 +0000 The brown rat did not migrate from Asia to Europe until the beginning of the last century. It displaced the dark-brown Domestic Rat (Mus rattus) so completely being much more savage and ferocious that the latter is now but rarely met with. Of the mice which inhabit our fields and woods we shall only mention the Field Mouse (Arvicola arvalis), which during dry years (why specially at such times ?) makes its appearance often in truly terrifying numbers, and wreaks immense damage. Autor of the post: Undefined The Hare (Lepus timidus) Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 10:02:08 +0000 A closely-related species is the Water Rat, or Water Vole (A. am- philius), which is equally adept at swimming as at burrowing, and which may inflict great damage by gnawing the roots of trees. The Hare (Lepus timidus). Autor of the post: Undefined In the words Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 9:48:47 +0000 (Length up to about 30 inches ; height about 11 inches.) It is much in demand on account of its excellent flesh. In the words of a German rhyme, With such a list of foes, it is almost to be wondered at that the hare has not long since been exterminated, especially when we reflect that 1 It is an almost defenceless creature, that could seriously enter into a combat with but few of the enemies in the above list. Autor of the post: Undefined In cold, wet weather large Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 9:31:41 +0000 2 Living as it does in the open field, it is much more easily seen by its enemies than if like the rabbit, for instance it lived in a hole or burrow, though it does also resort to such cover as is to be found in woods or bushes in the neighbourhood of the fields it frequents (wood or bush hare). 3 In consequence of this mode of life, it is much exposed to the severity of the weather. In cold, wet weather large numbers of young hares are apt to perish. Autor of the post: Undefined The large ears, too Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 9:15:28 +0000 1 The hare becomes aware of its foe even before the latter comes dangerously near. Though its sight and smell are feeble, the hearing must be uncommonly acute, for the least noise a rustling leaf, a lizard slipping past, and the like will arouse it from sleep. The large ears, too, which are easily movable in all directions see also Section 3 (a) point to the same fact. Autor of the post: Undefined So long as it Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 9:04:20 +0000 2 The colour of the fur so perfectly assimilates to that of the ground that the hare is easily overlooked by its enemies. When it is at rest in its " form," even a practised sportsman will frequently pass by without noticing the animal, the white of the belly and underside of the tail being concealed. So long as it is of any use the hare sits still. Autor of the post: Undefined The hare is adapted for Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 8:45:04 +0000 3 When, however, no longer able to conceal himself, he takes to flight (or "to his heels," as the saying is). In running he really executes a succession of long leaps. The hare is adapted for this mode of progress by the following arrangements : (a) Its slender shape, by which it is enabled easily to cut through the air (compare with wolf). Autor of the post: Undefined Even the slowest movement Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 8:29:55 +0000 To diminish resistance to the air as much as possible, the long ears in running are laid backwards, which at the same time enables it to judge of what goes on behind it. (b) By a sudden stretching of the long and powerful hind-legs, which are always moved together, the body is propelled a considerable distance (compare with cat). Even the slowest movement of the hare is a jump. Autor of the post: Undefined ) (c) The vertebral column Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 8:09:58 +0000 This great length of the hind-legs also enables the hare to run up a hill with ease, but in running downhill it is very apt to tumble. (Locate the position of its centre of gravity.) (c) The vertebral column is very flexible (see under " Cat," p 27, where it is compared to a cane). Autor of the post: Undefined ") (d) By means of its Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 7:55:22 +0000 This is a great advantage to it in leaping, and also enables it easily to alter the direction of its course to " double," as it is called when an enemy, eg, dog, comes too close. (Explain the importance of "doubling.") (d) By means of its powerfully clawed toes it is able to obtain a firm foothold among the inequalities of the ground when taking its spring. 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