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There is a smaller hole Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:53:59 +0000 The nest is covered with a thick roof against rain and storm, enemies almost as much dreaded as its living persecutors. The main entrance is invariably directed downwards. There is a smaller hole close to the stem, through which it escapes when surprised. Autor of the post: Undefined Occasionally, too, but then only Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:38:07 +0000 In this nest, on a warm and cosy bed of moss, it passes the night. It also serves as a nursery. Occasionally, too, but then only temporarily, it will take up its quarters in the hollow trunk of a tree, or in the abandoned nests of crows and birds of prey. Autor of the post: Undefined Its long hairy fur forms Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:23:07 +0000 6 Its worst enemy, however, far severer than even man or marten, is the winter. When the snow has thickly covered the fallen acorns, beech- nuts, hazel-nuts and fir-cones, and the boughs of the trees bend under its load, the squirrel reposes, snugly rolled up (preservation of heat) in its warm nest, the outlets of which have been tightly closed, and bids defiance to the raging storms. Its long hairy fur forms an excellent winter coat. Autor of the post: Undefined One would almost suppose Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:07:25 +0000 Like a wise housekeeper, it has made good provision against hunger during the period of superabundance ; for in hollow trees, under tree-roots or stones, or in an unused nest, it has established store-rooms richly supplied with food. 7 Nevertheless, during long and severe winters many squirrels perish from cold and want of food, while many others succumb to their animal foes. One would almost suppose that this animal, so ornamental to our woods, would have been long since exterminated. Autor of the post: Undefined This peculiar animal is found Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 16:55:46 +0000 And this would indeed be the case but for its extraordinary fecundity. The female has from three to seven young twice in the year, so that by the autumn the family comes to number from eight to sixteen heads. This peculiar animal is found on the highest mountains in the Alps, the Pyrenees and Carpathians, close below the line of eternal snow. Autor of the post: Undefined By the pro- tection Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 16:37:16 +0000 The only way in which it defies the long icy winter, lasting from eight to ten months at these altitudes, is by digging with the powerful claws on its fore-paws deep holes beyond the reach of the frost, and by falling into a death-like hibernating sleep. With the end of June, when spring has at last effected entrance into its inhospitable home, and the first juicy Alpine flowers blossom forth, it leaves its hole. By the pro- tection of its brownish-black colour it is not easily recognised even by eagles and vultures. Autor of the post: Undefined With the advent of winter Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 16:24:13 +0000 As soon as one of a troop of marmots observes an enemy, it gives a shrill warning whistle, and in a trice the whole flock has vanished into the summer holes (which are less deep) or underneath rocks. Its teeth are of the usual rodent type, and enable it to cut off even the shortest grass, some of which it dries to hay as a padding for its winter dwelling. With the advent of winter the animals in families retire to their holes. Autor of the post: Undefined The members of the family Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 16:07:07 +0000 To prevent the entrance to the chamber of the death-chilling cold, the passage, 25 to 30 feet long, which leads to it, is closely and firmly walled up from within with stones, earth and hay to a length of from 3 to 7 feet. The air in the chamber is consequently not cooled down to below 10 to 12 C. The members of the family then lie close to each other in the soft hay, and soon all are buried in deep sleep. Autor of the post: Undefined At present it is found Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 15:54:18 +0000 Formerly the beaver used to inhabit all the wooded banks of the lakes and rivers of Europe. Incessant pursuit, however, for the sake of its valuable fur, its excellent flesh, and the grease, or castoreum, a fatty, salve-like substance secreted by two anal glands, has long ago exter- minated it in Britain and many parts of the Continent. At present it is found in small numbers on the Elbe and its tributaries, between Witten- berg and Magdeburg. Autor of the post: Undefined I It is provided against Post Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 15:34:49 +0000 In Kussia, Scandinavia, Siberia and North America also a war of purposeless extermination is being waged against this animal, which will, in all probability, soon have to be numbered among the "creatures of the past." The beaver is as much at home in the water as below or on the earth, and the structure of the body is in accordance with its varied habits. I It is provided against a fatal cooling of the body, through too long a stay in the water, by the same means as the otter (which see). 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