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(Compare the duck Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 4:11:52 +0000 (a) The feet, the toes of which are SKULLconnected by webs, form broad finlike plates. In their backward movement the toes are spread out ; in the forward movement they are laid together, so as to offer the least possible resistance to the water. (Compare the duck. Autor of the post: Undefined The shoulder-blade, and the upper Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 3:53:59 +0000 ) (b) Both the upper and lower segments of the limbs are much shortened, and, for the most part, hidden within the body. Thus, only the finlike hands and feet project into the water, so that their strokes are short and quick. The shoulder-blade, and the upper and lower bones of the limbs are very broad, and thus, in spite of their shortness, offer the necessary surface of attachment to the muscles. Autor of the post: Undefined The hands (as Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 3:39:28 +0000 (Compare the mole.) (c) The limbs are not, as in animals which progress by walking, directed downwards. The hands (as in the mole, which, as it were, swims in the earth) are directed obliquely outwards, and ihefeet, between which the remnant of a tail is visible, are directed posteriorly, their inner surfaces being turned towards the middle line of the body. Autor of the post: Undefined (Illustrate this method of steering Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 3:24:50 +0000 By power- fully striking its feet together, the animal pushes away the water between them, and propels its body forwards. The feet, in this action, are assisted by the hands, which at the same time are used for steering. (Illustrate this method of steering by means of a small boat which is steered by means of the oars only. Autor of the post: Undefined 6 External ears are absent Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 3:10:03 +0000 ) 4 The specific weight is diminished by the thick subcutaneous layer of blubber (fat being lighter than water), and also by the extreme lightness of the bones of the skeleton (some of the cranial bones are almost as thin as paper). 5 The smoothness of the skin has the effect of diminishing friction in the water. 6 External ears are absent. Autor of the post: Undefined (Compare the mole Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 2:52:22 +0000 These, if present, would impede the animal's progress. Their absence does not affect the sense of hearing, inasmuch as the animal spends the greater part of its life in the water, which is a better conductor of sound than air, while the vibrations of sound are conveyed to the internal ear through the whole body. (Compare the mole. Autor of the post: Undefined (a) The rapidity and agility Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 2:34:58 +0000 ) The opening of the external ear passage is closed while the animal is diving below the water. 7 The cleft-like nasal apertures can also be closed at the will of the animal. (a) The rapidity and agility with which it swims, and its power and endurance in diving below the surface. Autor of the post: Undefined ) The presence of so large Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 2:23:47 +0000 (b) Its sharp-sightedness and a fine sense of touch in the tactile hairs on the upper lip. (Inquire why these two senses must be specially considered in the case of an aquatic animal.) The presence of so large a number of these bristles upon the divided upper lip becomes explicable when we reflect that during the night, its principal time for hunting, and also in the dark depths of the sea, the sense of touch is the only one on which the creature can rely. Autor of the post: Undefined The molars and premolars Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 2:06:26 +0000 2 As the seal, for the most part, feeds upon animals of rather large size, its teeth are of the same type as those of other carnivores; but inasmuch as it swallows its prey whole, they do not exhibit the same diversity of form and size as, for instance, those of the cat (which see). They are, on the contrary, of almost equal size. The molars and premolars are provided with very sharp points. Autor of the post: Undefined We have seen Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 1:50:08 +0000 The teeth are thus excellently adapted to seizing and maintaining hold of the smooth and slippery fish which chiefly form its prey. The mandible is firmly articulated as in the other carnivora. We have seen that the seal is pre-eminently a denizen of the waters. 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