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3 The land, however, cannot Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 6:40:47 +0000 Being a skilful climber, it can ascend the so-called "bird-cliffs," where it consumes hundreds of eggs and young nestlings. Like its relative, the brown bear, it, too, does not despise vegetable food (grass, berries, lichens and mosses) which, during the short summer of the Arctic North, grows upon the thawed surface layers of the soil. 3 The land, however, cannot supply this gigantic animal with sufficient food, especially during the long winter of these regions, and it is therefore -compelled to make the sea its principal hunting-ground. Autor of the post: Undefined More- over its gigantic strength Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 6:30:10 +0000 (a) Its body is protected from the fatal effects of cooling in the icy water by the large air-spaces between the hairs of its fur, by the thick adipose layer under the skin already mentioned, and by the copious secretion of fat from the glands of the skin, by means of which the furry coat is kept constantly lubricated, and thus never allowed to get wet (compare the duck). (b) It is as much at home in the water as on land, swimming being facilitated by the large air-spaces between the hairs of the shaggy coat and the fat accumulations within the body ; for air as well as fat, being lighter than water, help to diminish the specific weight of its body. More- over its gigantic strength, wide paws and the cutaneous webs between the toes, enable it to swim with both rapidity and endurance. Autor of the post: Undefined It is also an adept Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 6:19:37 +0000 Seals, walruses, etc., lying on the ice near their air-holes it approaches by noiselessly diving, swimming cautiously up to them beneath the ice, and then suddenly rising out of the water in front of them. It is also an adept at catching fish. Autor of the post: Undefined The seal is found Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 6:04:43 +0000 4 The supply of animal food being always abundant, the Polar bear is not obliged to have recourse to a winter sleep. CARNIVOROUS animals, leading an aquatic life, with spindle-shaped body and finlike fore and hind limbs. The seal is found on the coasts of the Northern Atlantic, both on the European and American side. Autor of the post: Undefined Large companies of seals may Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 5:54:30 +0000 It is common in the North Sea and the Baltic. Its real home is the sea, and it only leaves the water for the shore in order to sleep or bask in the sun. Large companies of seals may be seen under these conditions on the sands or the cliffs by the shore, or on floating ice-floes. Autor of the post: Undefined As the seal passes two-thirds Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 5:38:02 +0000 Here, too, may be heard their hoarse barking, resembling somewhat that of the dog (whence the German name of this animal, see-liund = sea-dog). The seal accordingly combines the habits of a land and water animal, and its structure and anatomy also correspond with this double nature. As the seal passes two-thirds of its life in the water, no fur, however thick or dense, would be able to maintain the heat of its body (as, for instance, in the case of the otter) ; for after a day passed in the water, so much air would gradually escape from the fur that the water would penetrate to the skin, and produce a great cooling of the body. Autor of the post: Undefined In winter, when wide stretches Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 5:24:00 +0000 Accordingly other means are provided for preventing an excessive loss of heat, in the shape of a thick layer of fat or blubber which envelops the whole body. The sea supplies this animal with an abundance of food, chiefly consisting of fish and the larger kinds of Crustacea. In winter, when wide stretches of the surface are frozen, it keeps holes open in the ice by repeatedly diving in and out. Autor of the post: Undefined Indeed it performs all kinds Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 5:06:56 +0000 The seal is a rapid swimmer and skilful diver, these capacities being essential to it both in the pursuit of the fishes and crustaceans which form its prey, and also to enable it to escape from its chief enemies, the greedy shark and the rapacious dolphin (which see). In swimming it moves through the water with the speed of a shark, and with equal ease on its back or belly or side. Indeed it performs all kinds of gambols in the water, diving down into the depths with the speed of an arrow, and again shooting up to the surface with equal rapidity. Autor of the post: Undefined 1 The head passes straight Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 4:49:20 +0000 It is able to remain seven minutes under the water without breathing. Differing thus in the manner of its life from most other mammals, we may expect to meet with special arrangements in the structure of its body. 1 The head passes straight into the short thick neck, and this again is continuous with the cylindrical elongated trunk, the whole body thus acquiring the form of a spindle, which cuts through the water with ease. Autor of the post: Undefined 3 The fore and hind Post Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2008 4:30:22 +0000 (Compare with fishes.) 2 In consequence of the strength and thickness of the neck, the head must follow the direction in which the trunk is moving ; were the neck short and thin, it would be deflected by the resistance of the water from the direction of motion, and consequently impede progress. 3 The fore and hind limbs form the oars and rudder of the boat-shaped body. 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