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The summer coat is always Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 11:48:52 +0000 Its colour is gray or blackish, like that of the soil. In Northern countries the white predominates ; in the South the black. The summer coat is always darker than the winter coat. Autor of the post: Undefined By its help it dis- Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 11:38:29 +0000 The tail is covered with bushy hair. 2 It is possessed of an extraordinarily fine sense of smell, which it employs in the scenting out and pursuit of its prey. By its help it dis- covers an animal even at a great distance, and the least possible trace of scent which may cling to the ground serves it as a sure guide to its victim. Autor of the post: Undefined 3 Though the sense Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 11:28:08 +0000 The nostrils are wide and the nasal muscles very large, which enables it to examine large quantities of air for odoriferous substances. The nose is always kept moist, since odours cannot be perceived when the nose is dry. 3 Though the sense of hearing is less acute than that of smell, it is nevertheless sufficiently keen to perceive sounds which are to us in- audible. Autor of the post: Undefined 4 The wolf pursues its Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 11:10:44 +0000 The ears are accordingly pointed and very movable. The sight, too, is excellent. 4 The wolf pursues its prey running; in fact, it hunts it. Autor of the post: Undefined (a) The body (vertebral column) Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 10:56:02 +0000 In a single night it can easily accomplish a distance of forty miles. Let us examine what bodily arrangements render the animal capable of such a performance. (a) The body (vertebral column) is not nearly as flexible as that of the cat, and, being laterally compressed, offers less resistance to the air. Autor of the post: Undefined When riding fast, especially if Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 10:38:38 +0000 While running swiftly the head is stretched forwards, thus forming, as it were, the point of a wedge. (Any cyclist will tell us that the air offers great resistance to a swiftly-moving body. When riding fast, especially if against the wind, the rider bends his body forwards, so as to offer the smallest possible surface to the air. Autor of the post: Undefined The former raise their feet Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 10:23:36 +0000 ) (b) Only its toes touch the ground in walking or running. Animals which walk on their toes, however (Digitigrades), are lighter-footed and swifter than those which walk on their soles (Plantigrades). The former raise their feet from the ground with ease, whereas the latter roll them, as it were, from the heels to the toes. Autor of the post: Undefined (d) By means of its Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 10:13:20 +0000 (c) The legs are long, only slightly capable of lateral motion (their joints being less movable than those of the cat), and but little bent; hence they are well adapted to swift running. (The feet of the wolf, accordingly, are of no use for creeping, climbing, seizing and killing of the prey, but are only useful for keeping a tight hold of the prey while it is being consumed. (d) By means of its short, blunt, non-retractile claws and the thick pads on its toes it is able to plant itself firmly against any unevennesses of the surface. Autor of the post: Undefined A rise of the body-tempera- Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 9:53:38 +0000 (e) Every powerful movement has the effect of raising the body-heat of an animal. Accordingly, there is a considerable rise of the body- temperature of the wolf during a swift run. A rise of the body-tempera- ture, if at all prolonged, is, however, injurious to an animal, especially a mammal, so that it is necessary that the temperature should be speedily brought back to the normal. Autor of the post: Undefined The " panting " Post Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2008 9:38:12 +0000 This is generally effected by the secretion of sweat, in the evaporation of which any excess of heat is withdrawn from the body. But since the skin of the wolf (as well as of the dog) possesses no sweat-glands, this reduction of heat must be brought about by other means. The " panting " of a dog, who is nothing more than a de- scendant of wolf or jackal (see p 38), when running fast, is a matter of common observation. 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