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It provides sound scientific training Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 11:33:57 +0000 The book is far superior in many respects to any other elementary text-book of the subject known to me. It includes, so far as its aims and limits permit, the most recent advances which have been made, both in fact and principle. It provides sound scientific training by giving verifiable descriptions of empirical details, so that the pupil is taught to observe, to think, to compare, to generalize, not merely to remember statements. Autor of the post: Undefined The central idea of Dr Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 11:18:08 +0000 It treats animals always as living organisms, forming an excellent guide to that serious and accurate study of natural history, bionomics, or biology in a special sense, which is now recognised as one of the most important branches of zoology. Zoology, from this point of view, attracts children almost without exception, while for them the subject has little interest from any other point of view ; the importance, therefore, of developing this natural interest into scientific study is evident. The central idea of Dr Schmeil's book is structural adaptation, and by the systematic review of the details of structure corresponding to varied physical conditions, the author produces a vivid impression of the variety, the energy, and the complexity of animal life throughout the world. Autor of the post: Undefined This is the view Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 11:01:10 +0000 If in certain cases the idea is earried too far, as in reference to coloration, the author is only following some of the most eminent authorities on the subject ; but, as a general rule, his interpretations have a sound foundation of physical science. Zoology is the study of living animals and their relations to the matter and energy around them, and its special departments are of little educational or scientific value unless their bearing upon the main object of the science is understood and kept in view. This is the view which Dr Schmeil takes of the science, and which he has exhibited in his book with remarkable skill and knowledge. Autor of the post: Undefined It must not be supposed Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 10:42:58 +0000 The book will be of great assist- ance in the teaching of zoology as a part of that comprehension of the universe which constitutes scientific culture, and as a branch of scientific training for the development of the faculties of observation and reason- ing. The more difficult and remote problems of the science are beyond the limits of the work, but as an introduction to more advanced study it seems to me excellent. It must not be supposed that the above synopsis includes the whole of the Animal Kingdom. Autor of the post: Undefined These animals for the most Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 10:24:39 +0000 There are many groups and peculiar forms which do not belong to any of the orders here named. Among them are the Sirenia, the Dipnoi, Balanoglossus and the Ascidians, the Eotifera, the Polyzoa, and Peripatus. These animals for the most part occupy less important positions in Nature, but in science their characters and relations are of the greatest importance. Autor of the post: Undefined Explain how such a section Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 10:14:21 +0000 The study of these forms can most profitably be commenced when a sound knowledge of those considered in the present text-book has been acquired. The body of every vertebrate is divisible by one section into two similar halves, a left and a right portion. Explain how such a section is made through the body of a man, bird or fish. Autor of the post: Undefined Of those organs Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 10:00:51 +0000 These halves bear a relation to each other similar to that of an object to its image reflected in a mirror. Hence, vertebrates are laterally symmetrical animals. Of those organs which are present in pairs , one lies in each half of the body equidistant from the plane of section; the unpaired organs, on the other hand , lie in the plane of section. Autor of the post: Undefined By this arrangement of organs Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 9:50:45 +0000 The internal organs also for the most part assume similar positions. On the other hand, those internal organs which occur singly such as the liver, heart, intestine and which do not lie in the plane of section, are always so placed as to throw an equal weight on both halves of the body. By this arrangement of organs, both body-halves maintain their balance, and an animal constructed on this type is accordingly capable of moving with greatest ease. Autor of the post: Undefined (State what organs are found Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 9:37:03 +0000 (What do you observe in carrying a heavy load, such as a pail of water, on one side only ?) People who have lost an arm frequently wear a wooden arm for the purpose of restoring their lost balance. The body of every vertebrate consists of head, trunk and limbs. (State what organs are found on or in the head and in the trunk chest and abdomen. Autor of the post: Undefined The principal forms of limbs Post Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 9:25:34 +0000 ) As a rule, the head and trunk are united by a neck, which represents, as it were, a movable stalk for the head. The number of limbs is at most two pairs ; in some cases both pairs are absent (snakes), in others only one pair occurs (whales). The principal forms of limbs are fins, wings, legs. 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